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Dr Kumar Gaurav Sharma🌎
Dr Kumar Gaurav Sharma🌎 @Drkumargauravs ·
Why only #PCPNDT is not enough @MoHFW_INDIA @Indian__doctor @DrDhruvchauhan @SIRAssociation @ISVIRIndia @IMAIndiaOrg @PMOIndia #USEAI South Korea's success in reversing its skewed sex ratio at birth (SRB) is widely regarded as a global "success story" — the only major case where a severely imbalanced ratio (peaking at 116-117 boys per 100 girls in the early 1990s) returned to near-normal biological levels (around 105-106 by the late 2000s/early 2010s, and stable since). This happened despite deep-rooted Confucian son preference, rapid fertility decline (to very low levels), and easy access to ultrasound/sex-selective abortion technology from the 1980s onward. No single factor explains it fully; it was a combination of enforcement, broad socioeconomic modernization, and shifting cultural norms. Here's a breakdown of the key success factors, based on demographic studies, UNFPA reports, and analyses: 1. Strict Legal Bans on Prenatal Sex Determination and Sex-Selective Abortion South Korea banned revealing fetal sex (except for medical reasons) in 1988 (Medical Services Act amendments), with penalties for doctors/clinics. Earlier laws (from the 1980s) prohibited non-medical sex selection. Enforcement ramped up in the 1990s–2000s: raids on clinics, license revocations, fines, and public shaming of violators. This "dampened" sex-selective abortions significantly, especially after the peak. Researchers note bans alone weren't enough (continued high ratios for 7+ years post-ban), but they created deterrence when combined with other changes. 2. Rapid Socioeconomic Modernization and Urbanization Explosive economic growth (from agrarian to industrial/high-tech economy) weakened traditional rural/patrilineal structures. Urbanization broke down extended family systems; fewer families lived with in-laws, reducing pressure for sons to perform ancestral rites, inherit land, or provide old-age support. Nuclear families and smaller households made son preference less "practical" — daughters increasingly seen as providing emotional companionship in aging societies. 3. Major Improvements in Women's Education, Employment, and Status Massive investments in girls' education (near-universal secondary/tertiary enrollment by 1990s). Rising female workforce participation and narrowing (though still present) gender wage gaps reduced the economic "value" gap between sons and daughters. Women gained more autonomy; surveys show dramatic drops in agreeing "sons are necessary" (from ~48% in 1983 to ~6% by 2003–2015). Shift to daughter preference in some surveys (e.g., many prefer girls for only-child scenarios due to perceived closeness/caregiving).
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Atul Raj Dubey
Atul Raj Dubey @AtulRaj1787836 ·
Replying to @AtulRaj1787836
BJU Humsafar (02564): Top speed today, on time till Kanpur, then suddenly crawled → 4 hrs late till Lucknow. No fog. No issue. Just MISMANAGEMENT. IIT Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, this is DIGITAL FAILURE. Pay more → Suffer daily. Fix it. 😡🔥 #TrainDelay #FixRailways #UseAI #PMO
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OMGart
OMGart @thisisomgart ·
For the first time in my life, a graphic was used as a joke. #UseAI
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